Karyological and cytogenetic research of the conifers of boreal zone by classic and new methods

  • E. N. Muratova
  • T. S. Sedel’nikova
  • A. V. Pimenov
  • O. V. Goryachkina

Abstract

Aim. Establishing of karyological features and conducting of cytogenetic analysis on conifer plants for biological diversity studies, solving of problems of taxonomics, evolutionary and population genetics. Methods. Classic methods with acetohematoxylin staining of slides and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Results. More than 150 populations and provenances of representatives of different conifer genera from the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae families were studied. The studies were carried out in natural populations and during the introduction, in optimal and extreme conditions, in disturbed ecosystems, botanical gardens and parks; in addition, various intraspecific forms have been studied. The variability of chromosome numbers and a wide range of chromosomal mutations have been revealed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the 45S and 5S ribosomal RNA gene probes and DAPI staining allows to identify of homologous chromosome pairs in the karyotypes of conifers and to facilitate the comparative karyotype analysis of these species. Conclusions. The studies of chromosomes in species of the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae families showed a karyotypic diversity and chromosomal anomalies in extreme conditions and under introduction. The use of molecular cytogenetic markers made it possible to obtain new information on the structure of conifer chromosomes.

Keywords: chromosomes, nucleolar loci, chromosome mutations, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae.

References

Pravdin L.F. Scots pine. Variability, intraspecies systematics and breeding. Moskva: Nauka, 1964. 191 s. [in Russian]

Kruklis M.V. Supernumerary chromosomes in gymnosperms (a study case of Picea obovata Ldb.). Dokladi Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1971. Vol. 196, No 5. P. 1213–1216. [in Russian]

Kruklis M.V., Milyutin L.I. Chekanovsky larch. Moskva: Nauka, 1977. 211 s. [in Russian]

Pravdin L.F., Budaragin V.A., Kruklis M.V., Shershukova O.P. Methods of karyologic investigation of conifers. Lesovedenie (Russian Journal of Forest Sciences). 1972. No 2. P. 67–75. [in Russian]

Muratova E.N. Kariosistematika semejstva Pinaceae Lindl. Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka: avtoref. dys. … dokt. biol. nauk. Novosi-birsk, 1995. 32 p. [in Russian]

Goryachkina O.V., Badaeva E.D., Muratova E.N., Zelenin A.V. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Siberian Larix species by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 2013. Vol. 299, issue 2. P. 471–479. doi: 10.1007/s00606-012-0737-y.

Sedel’nikova T.S. Differencivciya bolotnyh i suhodolnyh populyacij vidov semejstva Pinaceae Lindl.: avtoref. dys. …. dokt. biol. nauk. Tomsk, 2008. 35 p. [in Russian]

Kvitko O.V. Citogeneticheskaya i kariologicheskaya harakteristika pithy sibirskoj (Abies sibirica Ledeb.): avtoref. dys. … kand. biol. nauk. Krasnoyarsk, 2009. 19 p. [in Russian]

Muratova E.N., Sedel’nikova T.S., Pimenov A.V., Karpyuk T.V., Kvitko O.V., Syzikh O.A. Karyilogical polymorphism of larches. Larch biodiversity of Asian Russia. Novosibirsk: Academic publishing “GEO”, 2010. P. 34–49. [in Russian]

Sedel’nikova T.S., Pimenov A.V. Chromosome numbers of Larix sibirica (Pinaceae) forms in the Shira steppe of the Republic of Khakassia. Botanicheskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2017. Vol. 102, № 5. P. 693–697. [in Russian]

Sedel’nikova T.S., Pimenov A.V. Chromosome numbers of Larix (Pinaceae) species in forest-steppe and forest-tundra of Middle Siberia. Botanicheskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2017. Vol. 102, No 12. P. 1694–1697. [in Russian]

Vladimirova O.S. Dobavochnye hromosomy hvojnyh (na primere predstavitelej roda Picea A. Dietr.): avtoref. dys. … kand. biol. nauk. Krasnoyarsk, 2002. 23 p. [in Russian]

Karpyuk T.V. Kariologiya roda Picea A. Dietr. v aziatskoj chasti areala: avtoref. dys.…. kand. biol. nauk. Krasnoyarsk, 2004. 16 p. [in Russian]

Sedel’nikova T.S., Pimenov A.V., Onuchin A.A., Jankovska V. Chromosome numbers of some coniferous species in arbore-tums and recreation parks. Botanicheskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2008. Vol. 93, No 1. P. 157–158. [in Russian]

Sedel’nikova T.S., Pimenov A.V., Tashev A.N. Chromosome numbers of Cupressaceae species under introduction in Bulgaria. Botanicheskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2011. Vol. 96, No 7. P. 974–975. [in Russian]

Sedel’nikova T.S., Pimenov A.V., Grabovyy A.N., Ponomarenko V.A. Chromosome numbers of Thuja occidentalis (Cupres-saceae) in the National dendrological park "Sofievka", Ukraine. Botanicheskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2014. Vol. 99, No 8. P. 941–944. [in Russian]

Sedel’nikova T.S. Chromosome numbers of some species of Cupressaceae and Pinaceae in artificial and park stands Botanich-eskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2016. Vol. 101, № 11. P. 1350–1352. [in Russian]

Kvitko O.V., Muratova E.N., Syzikh O.A., Vladimirova O.S. Chromosome numbers of some conifer species Botanicheskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2009. Vol. 94, No 2. P. 145–147. [in Russian]

Goryachkina O.V., Muratova E.N., Badaeva E.D. Karyological studies of Picea schrenkiana (Pinaceae) from Kirghizia. Bo-tanicheskyi Zhurnal (Russian Botanical J.). 2018. Vol. 103, No 4. P. 505–515. [in Russian]