Characteristics of new wheat varieties and selection lines created at the IFRG NAS of Ukraine by locuses of high-molecular glutenin subunits

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7124/FEEO.v38.1804
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., high-molecular-weight glutenin loci, allele frequency

Abstract

Aim. To determine the allelic composition of loci of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and their frequency in new wheat varieties and breeding lines created since 2020 and in varieties obtained before 2015 at the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. High molecular weight glutenin subunits were analysed by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) using the Lemmy method. PCR analysis was used to determine the alleles of the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. Results. The composition and frequency of alleles of loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 in varieties and breeding lines created at the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in different periods were determined. The results of electrophoretic and PCR analysis allowed us to identify three, six, and two alleles in the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci, respectively. Conclusions. The most common alleles among wheat varieties and breeding lines obtained since 2020 were Glu-A1b (45.5%), Glu-B1al (45.4%), and Glu-D1d (90.9%). When comparing varieties created in different years, a decrease in the frequency of the Glu-A1a allele and an increase in the frequency of the Glu-A1b allele were found. A distinctive feature of varieties created since 2020 is an increase in the frequency of the Glu-B1al allele to 45.4%, which is associated with high baking quality, compared to varieties obtained before 2015, in which its frequency was 6%.

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