Transgressive variability of plant height and recombination of yield traits in winter wheat hybrids
Abstract
Aim. The work is devoted to the theoretical substantiation and agroecological assessment of transgressive morphobiotypes of winter wheat with different plant height parameters. Methods. Field studies, corresponding records and phenological observations were carried out in accordance with the industry methods of the State Service for the Protection of Plant Variety Rights. Analysis of transgressive variability indicators by stem height was carried out according to the algorithm of G. S. Voskresenskaya and V. I. Shpota. Results. It was established that the selection significance of transgressive forms depends on the genetic characteristics of the parental components. In particular, in the combinations «tall × tall» short transgressions are promising. At the same time, when crossing short genotypes, it is advisable to select transgressive morphobiotypes that exceed the initial forms in height by 10–15 cm. The selected lines demonstrated an advantage over the Khersonska Bezosta standard in terms of yield by 0.34–0.86 t/ha. High productivity is due to the significant mass of grain per ear (1,74–1,98 g) and the mass of 1000 grains at the level of 42,0–46,8 g. Conclusions. To optimize the breeding process, a model of a universal morphobiotype is proposed: under irrigated conditions, it is advisable to focus on a plant height of 80–90 cm, and in non-irrigated conditions - on the range of 90–100 cm.
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