Analysis of the embryos genetic characteristics and methodologies of human translocations research

  • O. Y. Verlinsky
  • J. V. Gontar
  • N. I. Kazachkova
  • Y. V. Laxhno
  • I. E. Ilyin
  • O. M. Fedota

Abstract

Aim. Assessment of the embryos genetic characteristics from translocation carriers and analysis of the translocation research methodology. Methods. The chromosome structure was analyzed using classical cytogenetics methods, GTG, FISH. Preimplantation genetic testing to identify structural rearrangements of the embryos chromosomes was performed on trophectoderm cells using NGS and FISH methods. Results. The proportion of translocation carriers in the sample of patients with reproductive disorders (n = 6156) was 1.1 %, with 0.4 % – for Robertson translations and 0.8 % for reciprocal ones. 5-day-old embryos with balanced reciprocal translocations are 3-4 times less than with unbalanced ones. Euploid embryos with balanced variants from translocation carriers-mothers and -fathers, amounted to 14.3 % and 12.5 %. Aneuploid embryos with unbalanced translocations accounted for 59.2 % of mothers and 63.2 % of fathers of all received embryos, 80.6 % and 77.8 % of unbalanced ones. Conclusions. Understanding the prevalence of segmental karyotype disorders among the population and modern research methods allows to optimize reproductive care for patients.

Keywords: reciprocal translocations, embryos, PGT-SR, NGS, FISH.

References

Lupianez D.G., Kraft K., Heinrich V., Krawitz P., Brancati F., Klopocki E., Horn D., Kayserili H., Opitz J.M., Laxova R., Santos-Simarro F., Gilbert-Dussardier B., Wittler L., Borschiwer M., Haas S.A., Osterwalder M., Franke M., Timmermann B., Hecht J., Spielmann M., Visel A., Mundlos S. Disruptions of topological chromatin domains cause pathogenic rewiring of gene-enhancer interactions. Cell. 2015. Vol. 161 (5). P. 1012–1025. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.004.

Kaiser V.B., Semple C.A. When TADs go bad: chromatin structure and nuclear organisation in human disease. F1000Researh. 2017. Vol. 6. doi: 10.12688/ f1000research.10792.1.

Kentepozidou E., Aitken S.J., Feig C., Stefflova K., Ibarra-Soria X., Odom D.T., Roller M., Flicek P. Clustered CTCF binding is an evolutionary mechanism to maintain topologically associating domains. Genome Biol. 2020. Vol. 21 (1). P. 5. doi: 10.1186/s13059-019-1894-x.

Harewood L., Schutz F., Boyle S., Perry P., Delorenzi M., Bickmore W.A., Reymond A. The effect of translocation-induced nuclear reorganization on gene expression. Genome Res. 2010. Vol. 20 (5). P. 554–564. doi: 10.1101/gr.103622.109.

Wilch E.S., Morton C.C. Historical and clinical perspectives on chromosomal translocations. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2018. Vol. 1044. P. 1–14. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_1.

Aristidou C., Koufaris C., Theodosiou A., Bak M., Mehrjouy M.M., Behjati F., Tanteles G., Christophidou-Anastasiadou V., Tommerup N., Sismani C. Accurate Breakpoint Mapping in Apparently Balanced Translocation Families with Dis-cordant Phenotypes Using Whole Genome Mate-Pair Sequencing. PLoS One. 2017. Vol. 10. P. 12 (1). e0169935. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169935.

Aristidou C., Theodosiou A., Ketoni A., Bak M., Mehrjouy M.M., Tommerup N., Sismani C. Cryptic breakpoint identified by whole-genome mate-pair sequencing in a rare paternally inherited complex chromosomal rearrangement. Mol. Cytogenet. 2018. Vol. 7. P. 11–34. doi: 10.1186/s13039-018-0384-2.

Vujisic S., Korac P., Pavlica M., Vujnovic N., Dmitrovic R. Chromosomal segregation in sperm of the Robertsonian trans-location (21;22) carrier and its impact on IVF outcome. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2020. Vol. 37 (1). P. 231–238. doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01648-x.

Ordulu Z., Kammin T., Brand H., Pillalamarri V., Redin C.E., Collins R.L., Blumenthal I., Hanscom C., Pereira S., Bradley I., Crandall B.F., Gerrol P., Hayden M.A., Hussain N., Kanengisser-Pines B., Kantarci S., Levy B., Macera M.J., Quintero-Rivera F., Spiegel E., Stevens B., Ulm J.E., Warburton D., Wilkins-Haug L.E., Yachelevich N., Gusella J.F., Talkowski M.E., Morton C.C. Structural Chromosomal Rearrangements Require Nucleotide-Level Resolution: Lessons from Next-Generation Sequencing in Prenatal Diagnosis. Am. J. Hum Genet. 2016. Vol. 99 (5). P. 1015–1033. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.022.

Primerano A., Colao E., Villella C., Nocera M.D., Ciambrone A., Luciano E., D'Antona L., Vismara M.F.M., Loddo S., Novelli A., Perrotti N., Malatesta P. A cryptic balanced translocation (5;17), a puzzle revealed through a critical evaluation of the pedigree and a FISH focused on candidate loci suggested by the phenotype. Mol Cytogenet. 2015. Vol. 8. P. 70. doi: 10.1186/s13039-015-0172-1.

Harton G.L., Magli M.C., Lundin K., Montag M., Lemmen J., Harper J.C. ESHRE PGD Consortium/Embryology Special Interest Group. Best practice guidelines for polar body and embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/PGS). Human Reprod. 2010. Vol. 1. P. 1–8.

Lichter P., Ried T. Chapter 25. Molecular analysis of chromosome aberrations in situ hybridization. Methods in molecular biology. J.M. Walker (ed.). Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2010. Vol. 29: Chromos. analysis protocols / J. R. Gosden (ed.). P. 449–478.

Vorsanova S.G., Yorov Y.B., Chernyshov V.N. Medical Cytogenetics. Moskva, 2006. P. 291–222. [in Russian]

Vogel F., Motulsky A. Human Genetics. Moskva: Mir, 1990. Vol. 1. P. 310. [in Russian]

Paththinige C.S., Sirisena N.D., Kariyawasam U.G.I.U., Dissanayake V.H.W. The Frequency and Spectrum of Chromosomal Translocations in a Cohort of Sri Lankans. BioMed. Research International. 2019. Vol. 2019. Article ID 9797104. doi.org/10.1155/2019/9797104.

Morin S.J., Eccles J., Iturriaga A., Zimmerman R.S. Translocations, inversions and other chromosome rearrangements. Fert. Ster. 2017. Vol. 107, No. 1. P. 19–26. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.10.013.

Escudero T., Abdelhadi I., Sandalinas M., Munne S. Predictive value of sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on the outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for translocations. Fert. Ster. 2003. Vol. 79 (Supp. 3). P. 1528–1534. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00252-8.

Pylyp L.Y. Meiotic segregation of translocations in sperm of infertile men: avtoref.dys. … kand.biol. nauk. Kyiv, 2015. 22 p. [in Ukrainian]

Zhang H., Wang R., Li L., Jiang Y., Zhang H., Liu R.Clinical feature of infertile men carrying balanced translocations involving chromosome 10: Case series and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018. Vol. 97 (15). e0452. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010452.

Munne S., Sandalinas M., Escudero T., Fung J., Gianaroli L., Cohen J. Outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis of translocations. Fert. Ster. 2000. Vol. 73. P. 1209–1218.

Ko D.S., Cho J.W., Park S.Y., Kim J.Y., Koong M.K., Song I.O., Kang I.S., Lim C.K. Clinical outcomes of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and analysis of meiotic segregation modes in reciprocal translocation carriers. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2010. Vol. 152A (6). P. 1428–1433. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33368.