Outstanding scientist Erwin Chargaff (dedicated to the 120th birth anniversary)

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the life, scientific activity, and intellectual legacy of Erwin Chargaff (1905–2002). He was one of the most influential biochemists of the 20^th century and a native of Chernivtsi. It offers a detailed biographical overview, covering his early life in Austria-Hungary, education at the University of Vienna, emigration to the United States, and subsequent scientific career in Europe and America. Special attention is given to Chargaff’s discovery of quantitative regularities in the structure of DNA (known as Chargaff’s rules), which constituted a key contribution to the development of molecular biology and preceded the discovery of the DNA double helix. The article examines his scientific approaches, research methodologies, and experimental work, particularly his activities at Columbia University and his role in advancing the biochemistry of nucleic acids. The author also highlights Erwin Chargaff’s civic stance, his critical view of the excessive technocratization of science, genetic engineering, and the ethical risks associated with biomedicine. The article emphasizes the scientist’s broad international recognition: membership in academies of sciences in various countries, prestigious awards, honorary titles, and the commemoration of his legacy both in Ukraine and abroad. Chargaff’s connection to Ukraine and his symbolic return to his homeland in his final years are also explored. The article mentions the installation of a memorial plaque on the house in Chernivtsi where he was born, as well as his correspondence with Ukrainian scientists during the country’s period of independence. The article aims to honor the memory of the scientist and promote his enduring legacy.