Crop breeding to drought tolerance

  • V. I. Sichkar Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine, 65036, Odesa, Ovidiopolska Doroha, 3 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0581-5068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7124/FEEO.v37.1744
Keywords: drought resistance, water stress, drought avoidance, tolerance

Abstract

Aim. Based on our own experimental results and analysis of publications of the world’s leading scientific institutions, to substantiate the need to strengthen breeding work to increase the adaptive potential and drought resistance of new varieties. To highlight the mechanism of action of drought, methods of creating the starting material, the main morphological, physiological and biochemical signs that affect the level of resistance to stress. Methods. Field experiments were carried out in the steppe zone of Ukraine, which is characterized by a small amount of precipitation, high air temperature and long inter-rainy periods during the growing season of crops. Results. For successful breeding work, it is necessary to take into account the influence of the interaction of the genotype with environmental factors. Based on multi-zone tests, it is possible to identify new genotypes that will demonstrate broad or specific adaptability to a particular type of environment and build models with different levels of environmental factors. Under dry conditions, a unique breeding material of soybeans and chickpeas with a high level of drought resistance was obtained, which can serve as a genetic basis for further improvement of this trait. Conclusions. Based on such morphological traits as the area of the leaf surface and its condition, aboveground mass, plant height, growth intensity, it is possible to objectively assess genotypes tolerant to water stress. The creation of ultra-early ripening varieties makes it possible to avoid drought.

References

Bankole F., Menkir A., Olaoye G. et al. Genetic gains in yield and yield related traits under drought stress and favorable environments in a maize population improved using marker assisted recurrent selection. Front. Plant Sci. 2017. Vol. 8. P. 808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00808.

Vasilkivskyi S. P., Gudzenko V. M., Kochmarskyi V. S., Kyrylenko V. V. Realization of cereals varieties potential as a way of solving the food problem. Factors in experimental evolution of organisms. 2017. Vol. 21. P. 47–51. https://doi.org/10.7124/FEEO.v.21805. [in Ukrainian]

Ortiz R., Braun H. J., CrossaJ. et al. Wheat genetic resources enhancement by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 2008. Vol. 55. P. 1095–1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9372-4.

Hunter M. C., Smith R. G., Schipanski M. E. et al. Agriculture in 2050: Recalibrating targets for sustainable intensification. Bioscience. 2017. Vol. 67. P. 386–391. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix010.

Daryanto S., Wang L., Jacinta P. A. Global synthesis of drought effects on maize and wheat production. PLOS ONE. 2016. Vol. 11. e0156362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156362.

Kumar A., Kumar H., Kumar S. et al. Phenological, Morphological and Yield based Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Germplasm Lines. Legume Res. 2024. Vol. 47 (6). P. 884–890. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4582.

Fornazzari C. J., Matus I., Madariaga R. et al. Konde INIA: first doubled haploid winter wheat cultivar for southern Chile. Chil. J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 2015. Vol. 31. P. 234–238.

Chen C., Wang B., Feng P. et al. The shifting influence of future water and temperature stress on the optimal flowering period for wheat in Western Australia. Sci. total Environ. 2020. Vol. 737. P. 139707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139707.

Tardieu F., Simonneau T., Muller B. The physiological basis of drought tolerance in crop plants: A scenario-dependent probabilistic approach. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2018. Vol. 69. P. 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040218.

Sloane R. J., Patterson R. P., Carter T. E. Field drought tolerance of a soybean plant introduction. Crop Sci. 1990. Vol. 30. P. 118–123. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000010027x.

Pathan M., Lee J. D., Sleper D. A. et al. Two soybean plant introductions display slow leaf wilting and reduced yield loss under drought. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2014. Vol. 200. P. 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12053.

Abdal-Haleem H., Carter T. E. J., Purcell L. G. et al. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for canopy-wilting trait in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Theor. Appl. Gen. 2012. Vol. 125. P. 837–846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1876-9.

Cooper M., Voss-Fels K. P., Messina C. D. et al. Tackling G x E x M interactions to close on-farm yield-gaps: creating novel pathways for crop improvement by predicting contributions of genetics and management to crop productivity. Theor. Appl. Gen. 2021. Vol. 134. P. 1625–1644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03812-3.

Sichkar V. I., Pasichnyk S. M. Genetic-physiological basis of legume crops resistance to drought stress. The Bulletin of Vavilov Society of geneticists and Breeders of Ukraine. 2018. Vol. 16 (1). P. 35–51. https://doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.16.1.901. [in Ukrainian]

Nehe A. S., Foulkes M. J., Ozturk I. et al. Root and canopy traits and adaptability genes explain drought tolerance responses in winter wheat. PLOS ONE. 2021. Vol. 16. e0242472. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242472.